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\acmJournal{TOG}
\acmYear{2025} \acmVolume{44} \acmNumber{4} \acmArticle{} \acmMonth{8} \acmPrice{}\acmDOI{10.1145/3730821}



\begin{document}
% Title, Author, and Date
\title{Sobol' Sequences with Guaranteed-Quality 2D Projections\\Supplementary Materials: Rendering results}
% DO NOT ENTER AUTHOR INFORMATION FOR ANONYMOUS TECHNICAL PAPER SUBMISSIONS TO SIGGRAPH 2019!
\author{Nicolas Bonneel}
\orcid{0000-0001-5243-4810}
 \affiliation{
   \institution{CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon}
     \country{France}
     }
 \email{nicolas.bonneel@liris.cnrs.fr} 
\author{David Coeurjolly}
\orcid{0000-0003-3164-8697}
\affiliation{
    \institution{CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon}
    \country{France}
     }
 \email{david.coeurjolly@cnrs.fr}


\author{Jean-Claude Iehl}
\orcid{0000-0001-6877-2398}
 \affiliation{
     \institution{Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon}
     \country{France}
     }
 \email{jean-claude.iehl@liris.cnrs.fr}

\author{Victor Ostromoukhov}
\orcid{0009-0004-3123-9388}
 \affiliation{
     \institution{Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon}
     \country{France}
     }
 \email{victor.ostromoukhov@liris.cnrs.fr}

\maketitle % Generates the title

\section{Rendering results}

Figures \ref{cornell}, \ref{spaceship} and \ref{dining-room} provide rendered images for small per-pixel sample counts (4 to 256). MSE convergence graphs are presented in the main document. First, the Cornell-box scene presents path traced results with direct lighting and 1 bounce of indirect lighting thus requiring $5+6+6$ dimensions:  5 dimensions are used to sample pixel, lens and time,  3 dimensions then sample the direct lighting and 3 more dimensions are sampled to find the next vertex of the path. Extending the path one more time requires another 6 dimensions. The Spaceship scene samples longer refractive paths thus requiring 4 indirect bounces, resulting in a total of $35$ dimensions. The last scene, the Dining-Room, is lit both directly and indirectly, we use simple 2 bounces paths and $17$ dimensions.

The authors aknowledge Benedikt Bitterli~\cite{bitterli2016scenes} for providing those high quality scene descriptions.

\begin{figure*}  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{1pt}

    \begin{tabular}{cccccc}
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(a)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/independent-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/independent-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/independent-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/independent-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/independent-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(b)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/owen-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/owen-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/owen-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/owen-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/owen-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(c)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible2-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible2-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible2-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible2-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible2-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(d)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible3-00003.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible3-00009.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible3-00027.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible3-00081.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/irreducible3-00243.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(e)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/cascaded-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/cascaded-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/cascaded-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/cascaded-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/cascaded-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(f)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded01-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded01-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded01-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded01-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded01-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(g)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded0123-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded0123-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded0123-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded0123-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/padded0123-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Ours}}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/sampler12-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/sampler12-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/sampler12-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/sampler12-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/cornell/sampler12-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Rendering 2 bounces indirect lighting in 17D. \changed{We compare our results with the ones obtained from White Noise $(a)$, Sobol' with \citet{joe2008constructing} $(b)$,  \citet{faure2016irreducible} $(c)$, Quad Optimized in GF(3)~\cite{Quad2024} $(d)$, Cascaded Sobol' \cite{paulin2021cascaded} $(e)$, ZeroTwo~\cite{pharr2023physically} $(f)$ and Padded Sobol' 4D~\cite{burley2020practical} $(g)$}.}
    \label{cornell}
\end{figure*}


\begin{figure*} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{1pt}
    \begin{tabular}{cccccc}
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(a)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/independent-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/independent-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/independent-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/independent-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/independent-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(b)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/owen-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/owen-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/owen-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/owen-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/owen-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(c)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible2-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible2-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible2-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible2-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible2-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(d)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible3-00003.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible3-00009.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible3-00027.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible3-00081.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/irreducible3-00243.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(e)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/cascaded-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/cascaded-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/cascaded-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/cascaded-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/cascaded-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(f)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded01-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded01-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded01-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded01-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded01-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(g)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded0123-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded0123-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded0123-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded0123-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/padded0123-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Ours}}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/sampler12-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/sampler12-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/sampler12-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/sampler12-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/spaceship/sampler12-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Rendering 5 bounces indirect lighting in 35D. \changed{We compare our results with the ones obtained from White Noise $(a)$, Sobol' with \citet{joe2008constructing} $(b)$,  \citet{faure2016irreducible} $(c)$, Quad Optimized in GF(3) \cite{Quad2024} $(d)$, Cascaded Sobol' \cite{paulin2021cascaded} $(e)$, ZeroTwo \cite{pharr2023physically} $(f)$ and Padded Sobol' 4D~\cite{burley2020practical} $(g)$}.}
    \label{spaceship}
\end{figure*}


\begin{figure*}  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{1pt}

    \begin{tabular}{cccccc}
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(a)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/independent-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/independent-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/independent-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/independent-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/independent-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(b)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/owen-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/owen-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/owen-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/owen-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/owen-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(c)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible2-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible2-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible2-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible2-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible2-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(d)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible3-00003.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible3-00009.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible3-00027.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible3-00081.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/irreducible3-00243.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(e)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/cascaded-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/cascaded-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/cascaded-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/cascaded-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/cascaded-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(f)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded01-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded01-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded01-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded01-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded01-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{$(g)$}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded0123-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded0123-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded0123-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded0123-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/padded0123-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
        \\
        \raisebox{.6cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Ours}}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/sampler12-00004.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{4}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/sampler12-00008.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{8}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/sampler12-00016.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{16}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/sampler12-00064.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{64}}}
        \end{overpic}
        &
        \begin{overpic}[width=3.4cm]{results/rendering/dining-room/sampler12-00256.jpg}
        \put(0,0){\colorbox{white}{{256}}}
        \end{overpic}
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Rendering 2 bounces indirect lighting in 17D. \changed{We compare our results with the ones obtained from White Noise $(a)$, Sobol' with \citet{joe2008constructing} $(b)$,  \citet{faure2016irreducible} $(c)$, Quad Optimized in GF(3) \cite{Quad2024} $(d)$, Cascaded Sobol' \cite{paulin2021cascaded} $(e)$, ZeroTwo \cite{pharr2023physically} $(f)$ and Padded Sobol' 4D~\cite{burley2020practical} $(g)$}.}
    \label{dining-room}
\end{figure*}


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